Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Nanovibrational stimulation inhibits osteoclastogenesis and enhances osteogenesis in co-cultures

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02139-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Osteoclast response to nanovibrational stimulation in 2D. ( a ) No detrimental effect on CD14 + cell viability was seen, as measured by Alamar blue (violin plots of individual data points, n = (d = 3, r = 3), statistics by t-test where *p < 0.05). However, ( b ) following 7 days of nanovibrational stimulation numbers of fused, multinucleate osteoclasts observed by TRAP staining were reduced (mean ± SD of individual data points, n = (d = 3, r = 3), statistics by t-test where *p < 0.05). Similarly, the mean osteoclast area ( c ) was also reduced with nanovibrational stimulation (violin plots of individual data points, n = (d = 3, r = 3), statistics by t-test where ***p < 0.001) after 7 days of culture; ( d ) typical TRAP staining of both control and 1000 Hz stimulated samples imaged at 10 × magnification. ( e ) SEM images at day 7 showing less osteoclasts were present following nanovibrational stimulation. (f) Resorption assay at day 7 showing less osteoclast activity following nanovibrational stimulation (mean ± SD of individual data points, n = (d = 3, r = 3), statistics by t-test where *p < 0.05). ( g ) qPCR for nanovibrated vs control CD14 + cells for transcripts related to osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. A trend towards repression of these genes in the nanovibrated cultures was observed (n = (d = 1–3, r = 3), statistics by t-test where *p < 0.05); full qPCR data is presented in Supplementary Fig. . ( h ) At the protein level, IL-6 was seen to be repressed (mean ± SD of individual data points, n = (d = 3, r = 4), statistics by t-test where *p < 0.05). Together, the data indicates a reduction in osteoclast forming activity of CD14 + blood mononuclear cells with nanovibrational stimulation.

Article Snippet: Magnetic selection was performed using EasySep Human CD14 positive selection kit II (product no. 17858, Stemcell Technologies, Cambridge, UK.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis

Article Title: TREM-1 + Macrophages Define a Pathogenic Cell Subset in the Intestine of Crohn’s Disease Patients

doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab022

Figure Lengend Snippet: The intestinal microenvironment of Crohn’s disease patients promotes an inflammatory transcriptome in blood monocytes. [A–C] Differentially expressed transcriptomic pathways in blood CD14 + monocytes from healthy donors treated for 5 h with [A] TREM-1 agonist antibody [5 µg/mL], [B] LP-CM from three controls or [C] LP-CM from three Crohn’s disease patients. Quantification of gene expression was done with the NanoString nCounter Human Myeloid Innate Immunity V2 Panel. Pathway signature scores condense each sample’s gene expression profile into a small set of pathway scores. An experiment can then be explored through the lens of pathway signature scores instead of in the much higher-dimension lens of gene expression values. Pathway signature scores are fit using the first principal component of each gene set’s data. They are orientated such that an increasing score corresponds to mostly increasing expression [specifically, each pathway score has positive weights for at least half its genes]. Covariates plots compare pathway signature scores to covariates. Red triangles and green triangles help to show the relative increase and decrease in pathways, respectively, compared to the control condition. [D] The 38 molecules that increased by a minimum two-fold in LP-CM from the three Crohn’s disease patients compared to LP-CM from the three controls. The fold change is based on the mean of the three values per group. [E] LP-CM inflammation score for each sample. This score is the mean of the linear NPX values [see Section 2.6] of the 38 proteins shown in D as a way to get a relative quantification of the inflammation status of the individuals analysed. [F] Correlations between the LP-CM inflammation scores and the top ten increased genes in human blood CD14 + monocytes treated with the Crohn’s disease LP-CM compared to cells treated with the control LP-CM [see ]. [G] Correlations between the LP-CM inflammation scores and the frequency of cells in the same individual determined by flow cytometry [gated as in ]. [F, G] Correlations were assessed by Spearman’s test. Abbreviations: Ctr, controls; LP-CM, lamina propria conditioned media; Mfs, macrophages.

Article Snippet: After washing in PBS and removal of erythrocytes as described above, CD14 + monocytes were isolated using CD14 + magnetic beads (EasySep Human CD14 Positive Selection Kit II [Stemcell Technologies, Canada]).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Control, Quantitative Proteomics, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis

Article Title: TREM-1 + Macrophages Define a Pathogenic Cell Subset in the Intestine of Crohn’s Disease Patients

doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab022

Figure Lengend Snippet: The intestinal microenvironment of Crohn’s disease patients promotes an inflammatory transcriptome in blood monocytes, which is partly reduced by TREM-1 blockade.

Article Snippet: After washing in PBS and removal of erythrocytes as described above, CD14 + monocytes were isolated using CD14 + magnetic beads (EasySep Human CD14 Positive Selection Kit II [Stemcell Technologies, Canada]).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis

Article Title: TREM-1 + Macrophages Define a Pathogenic Cell Subset in the Intestine of Crohn’s Disease Patients

doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab022

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-6 induced in blood monocytes by Crohn’s disease LP-CM is partially reduced by TREM-1/TNF double blockade. Differentially expressed [A] transcriptomic pathways or [B] CCL3 , CCL4 and IL-6 expression in blood CD14 + monocytes from a healthy donor treated for 5 h with LP-CM from three Crohn’s disease patients plus TREM-1 antagonist antibody [1 µg/mL]. Quantification of gene expression was done with the NanoString nCounter Human Myeloid Innate Immunity V2 Panel. Explanation of pathway signature scores is described in the legend to . [C–E] CCL3 , CCL4 and IL-6 expression, determined by RT-PCR, in human blood CD14 + monocytes treated for 5 h with LP-CM from six additional Crohn’s disease patients plus TREM-1 antagonist antibody alone [1 µg/mL], TNF adalimumab antibody alone [1 µg/mL], or both antibodies together. These blocking experiments were done with the appropriate isotype controls, IgG1 and IgG4, as described in sheet 1. [B–E] Each colour indicates a different individual. [B–E] Data are shown as median values. The difference between paired samples was assessed by a Wilcoxon test; * p vs adalimumab alone. Abbreviations: LP-CM, lamina propria conditioned media.

Article Snippet: After washing in PBS and removal of erythrocytes as described above, CD14 + monocytes were isolated using CD14 + magnetic beads (EasySep Human CD14 Positive Selection Kit II [Stemcell Technologies, Canada]).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blocking Assay